The Benefits of Heart Attack Essay

The Benefits of Heart Attack Essay Diabetes has turned into a severe problem today. Diseases can influence any portion of the heart. The excess weight tends to concentrate around the center, which makes it an extra risk component. You only have to be sure any increases are created slowly and carefully, which means that your body is prepared for the demand. Thus, the heart should be maintained in order to do its functions properly. While there are lots of risk factors which are out of your control, there are some essential measures you may take to continue to keep your heart healthy. Facts, Fiction and Heart Attack Essay Diabetes is among the fastest-growing diseases. A diagnosis of coronary attack is created by a doctor when they perform a physical exam and review your medical history. If you're concerned you might have or develop cardiovascular disease, you can begin with a self-evaluation by means of your physician's help. Heart disease and several of drugs can cause bradycardia, and a physician should evaluate it to determine if treatment is demanded. The ideal time to take care of a heart attack is within the very first hour of the very first onset of symptoms. Speak to your physician if you have any concerns about your danger of a heart attack. Steer clear of heavy exercise since it is shown to really raise the risk of heart attacks within 1 hour right after the exercise. Many heart attacks are mistaken for the start of the flu, especially if it's flu season. The Ugly Secret of Heart Attack Essay The heart is made up of a specific form of muscle called myocardium. Besides coronary heart disease as a result of fat deposition in the arterial wall, there are additional heart diseases come from abnormalities at birth. Fortunately, women can take strides to comprehend their exclusive signs of cardiovascular disease and can start to lower the cases of coronary disease. All women face the chance of heart disorder or disease. A high level of LDL cholesterin reflects a greater hazard of bosom disease. Losing even a small quantity of weight can help by lowering your blood pressure and decreasing your risk of diabetes both of which increase your potential for heart disease. While everyone can develop cardiovascular disease, certain things can increase one's risk. At times the disease contributes to acute myocardial infarction or stroke, which leads to disability or death. Ok, I Think I Understand Heart Attack Essay, Now Tell Me About Heart Attack Essay! Talking to others between cleaning cages and grooming animals would offer you a bit of selection and help you build confidence on the way. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Folks that are concerned about their hearts will look for a different solution for their pain, and odds are they'll find something more dangerous than ibuprofen. A fast glance at the abstract told me that every one of the articles were incorrect. Ok, I Think I Understand Heart Attack Essay, Now Tell Me About Heart Attack Essay! Although heart disorder may frequently be considered of as an issue for men, heart disorder is easily the most normal source of loss of life for both women and men in the United States of america. It's unlikely that sexual activity can lead to heart attacks. A lot of women don't know that they've a heart problem until AFTER they've had a heart attack, making death the very first symptom for many ladies. So if you're a woman or a person who loves one you will need to understand how heart attack symptoms women differ from heart attack symptoms men. Heart Attack Essay - the Story Normal cardio exercises, keeping a healthful weight, a healthful and nutritious diet, including low fat and very low salt foods and quitting smoking are a few important lifestyle changes that someone has to make, to steer clear of additional heart difficulties and lead a healthy and peaceful life. Blood sugar is controlled in an extremely narrow selection. A superb diet for the heart is made up of fruits and vegetables which contain essential nutrients having the capability to increase heart health. Eating a healthful and balanced diet has a crucial role in promoting a wholesome heart. The Most Popular Heart Attack Essay Gastroesophageal reflux disease has come to be the most common supply of heartburn. Knowing the signs of each condition will make it simpler to settle on which malady you're suffering from. Deaths brought on by heart attacks are for the most part because of delay in treatment. The absolute most classic and dangerous of all of the heart attack symptoms is the denial of the possible importance of the function. The Advantages of Heart Attack Essay Even though the MVP and heart look as though they should secure the key attention, it is in fact the autonomic nervous system which should be the focus for virtually any healing wor k from the crisis. Your entire body and mind instinctively wish to avoid being traumatized, so all that extra energy needs to be diverted. Even in case you have already had a heart attack you can better your wellbeing and the standard of your life with a medically supervised exercise program. At the exact same time, you become better able to control the stress that you still face.

Jewelry Has A Strong Case Against Jennifer Lawson

Memo Introduction In paper, Greene’s Jewelry has a strong case against Jennifer Lawson because Jennifer breached the confidentiality agreements that she signed with Greene’s Jewelry. In the agreement, it specifically indicated that Jennifer could never disclose any information regarding â€Å"Ever-Gold† creating process, which is patented and owned by Greene’s Jewelry. Jennifer not only stole a draft letter that contains the details of creating Ever-Gold but also took it to Greene’s competitor Howell Jewelry World in order to obtain a job offer from the company. The employment contract that Jennifer signed with Howell is a certain evidence of her unjust enrichment. Regarding Jennifer Lawson’s claim that she encountered wrongful termination at Greene’s, it is simply a misinterpretation of Greene’s legitimate reduction in force. The company no longer had a need for any junior executive secretaries. The downsizing was unfortunately but legal. Facts and Laws Jennifer alleges that she was terminated because of her pregnancy. She neglects the fact that Greene’s discharged her because her position, junior executive secretary, is redundant to the company. It is transparently that Jennifer is a member of protected class and was dismissed. Yet Greene’s did not violate The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) under Title VII. According to Title VII 42 U.S.C.  § 2000e-2(a), it is an unlawful employment practice if an employer discharges any individual because of such individual s race,Show MoreRelatedBusiness Law1164 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of Law to the Facts: In light of all the facts based upon the law relating to nondisclosure agreements (NDA’s), a court most likely would rule in favor of Greenes Jewelry. This ruling comes from the matters of breaking legal contracts. NDA’s are legal binding contracts. Ms. Jennifer Lawson breached the confidentiality agreement/contract, that she was required to sign upon working for Greenes, when she took secret information to multiple competing jewelers. The agreement was a validRead MoreApplicability of Greene’s Jewelry Wholesale, Llc vs. Lawson Memo2617 Words   |  11 PagesApplicability of Greene’s Jewelry Wholesale, LLC vs. Lawson MEMO INTRODUCTION Jennifer Lawson, who was rightfully terminated during Greene’s Jewelry Wholesale’s downsizing effort for consistent tardiness throughout her three years of employment with Greene’s Jewelry Wholesale, breached the confidentiality agreement to not share any information regarding the process used to create â€Å"Ever-Gold,† by sharing key process elements in producing Ever-Gold to a competing business named Howell Jewelry World. Ever-GoldRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesvi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ ManagementRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesdecentralizing the HR entity so that each functional area of the company has an HR manager assigned to it. The HR managers were expected to be key contributors to their areas by becoming knowledgeable about the business issues faced by their business functional units. Today, HR managers participate in developing business strategies and ensure that human resource dimensions are considered. For instance, the HR manager for manufacturing has HR responsibilities for 600 employees. In that role she contributes

Talcott Parsons Essay Research Paper Talcott ParsonsIntroductionOf free essay sample

Talcott Parsons Essay, Research Paper Talcott Parsons Introduction Of his clip, Talcott Parsons ( 1902-1979 ) was considered the most admired American sociologist. Parsons was bread into a comfortable household and was given a strong educational foundation as a kid. Get downing as a life scientist, Parsons felt out of topographic point and transferred to economic sciences and sociology. As he excelled in these Fieldss, Parsons began surveies in Europe, giving him a broad position on different societies. He began learning at Harvard, and at that place he exposed his sociological ideas. Although really controversial, Parsons works had influences on all facets of Sociology. He by and large focused on societal action and systems and believed that morality in societal action is the chief component to assist continue societal order. In The Structure of Social Action ( 1937 ) , Parsons developed earlier sociologists views into a theory of societal action, or the action theory. These thoughts look into today s society and it s institutional constructions, which work to clear up action and to derive from it. We will write a custom essay sample on Talcott Parsons Essay Research Paper Talcott ParsonsIntroductionOf or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His 2nd book, The Social System ( 1951 ) , extends and further explains his anterior theories, including a structural-functional scheme. Talcott Parsons functionalistic ways, influenced by Bronislaw Malinowski, became the centre of argument. His beliefs were questioned and challenged by rival sociologists. His surveies became even greater and his theories more important. Until the clip of his decease, his chief purpose focused on the systematic survey of societal action and it s constituents. He looked at the environing factors and if and why they influenced the societal system. As an award before his decease, Parsons received high awards for his achievements in sociology. Many people considered him the most intelligent sociologist of his epoch. Methods for Procuring Information To garner stuff on this topic, I used a few research tools. First, I utilized the cyberspace as a beginning of information. Get downing off, I figured I would utilize hunt engines, or particular plans that find websites refering your subject, to get down. I listed as many keywords as I could, including Talcott Parsons, Parsons, sociology, sociologists, dead sociologists, and structural-functional paradigm. I so used these keywords in my hunts on the yokel! , excite, get downing point, and webcrawler hunt engines. I passed trough web sites, choosing valuable information and printing out what was needed. I looked over the assorted cyberspace articles, and I highlighted and took notes on some of import inside informations. I kept the web pages nearby for speedy mention. Following, I visited the Boca Raton Public Library to roll up more significant information. I began by utilizing the library s computing machines to seek for information on Talcott Parsons and sociology. I was lead to the International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, in which I found biographical addendums. I copied specific pages refering Talcott Parsons, and as I read the text, I choose certain information for reexamining. This information was observingly copied to observe cards. I located two other encyclopaedias, The New Encyclopedia Britannica and Encyclopedia Americana, and repeated the stairss as earlier, utilizing note cards to take notes. During my hunt, I found a paper-back book book on sociology. I studied the subdivision refering to Talcott Parsons, and I took careful notes on his plants. Afterwards, I researched the historical events go oning while Parsons grew up. Initially, I found these events on the Society in History: Time Lines in my sociology text book. I noted the events and relied on the cyberspace. I used the same method as earlier, hunt engines and web sites. I listed the keywords on the topics and found many different articles. I printed the utile paperss and reviewed them for important points. Last, I highlighted the chief subjects and noted the major facts. Biographic Information Talcott Parsons was born on December 13, 1902 in Colorado Springs. His household consisted of five siblings and his female parent and male parent, Mary Ingersol Parsons and Edward Parson. Harmonizing to the Inter. Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, # 8220 ; His female parent # 8230 ; was a suffragist # 8230 ; and his male parent was a societal Gospel Protestant of wide academic involvements # 8221 ; ( 610 ) . Parsons was academically pushed by his male parent, who was the first in the household to go to college. Although of Christian religion, his household was still interested in the scientific disciplines of Darwinism, which gave Parsons an early position of scientific discipline. He attended high school at Horace Mann High School in New York City. After graduation, he started his surveies at Amherst College. Parsons majored in biological science, but shifted his ideas to sociology subsequently in his acquisition experience at Amherst. In 1924, Talcott graduated from Amherst and moved on to the London School of Economics. During his direction in sociology and economic sciences, Parsons began happening a correlativity between his two involvements. Sociology at Hewett explains that Talcott s most important experience was in his talk with Bronislaw Malinowski: # 8220 ; He was converted to functionalism under the influence of the anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski # 8221 ; ( 1 of 2 ) . Soon after Parsons began the London School of Economics, he was offered a topographic point at the University of Heidelberg. In Germany, he was exposed to a new position of societal idea, implying Max Weber s beliefs. Parsons began his categories in economic sciences and sociology and Marxian theory. In 1927, he was awarded his doctors degree in economic sciences at Heidelberg, and he married Helen B. Walker around the same clip. He so returned to America to learn economic sciences at Harvard University. From 1928 to 1929, Talcott produced two Hagiographas about his chief ideas on society. He used different sociologists positions and made reviews on them and integrate his ain constructs. Parsons was still interested in the relationship between economic sciences and sociology, and he began to detect that they had complex links. He was caught between the two Fieldss, which he both admired, and noticed he had to do a alteration. So in 1931, Parsons became a member of Harvard s sociology section and launched his instructions in the new topic. During 1937, while learning at Harvard, Talcott brought forth his first major work, The Structure of Social Action. Encyclopedia Britannica describes, # 8220 ; Parsons drew on elements from the work of several European authors # 8230 ; to develop a common systematic theory of societal action # 8221 ; ( 171 ) . In the book, he investigated the theoreticians positions and compared and contrasted between them. And he ever centered his focal point on morality s topographic point in societal action. Soon, Parsons became a full professor in Sociology and began associating other Fieldss to hi ain. Two old ages subsequently, Parsons attended a psychological science institute, where he focused on Freud s theories. Parsons started paying attending to anthropology and psychological science, and he formed an in depth analysis of the Freudian theory. In 1946, Talcott helped make the section of societal dealingss, in which he was nominated as president. To add, he became the president of the Am erican Sociological Society in 1949. By the 1950 s, he became the most famed sociologist in academic life ( International Encyclopedia of Social Science 616 ) . Parsons 2nd book, The Social System, looked at his theses on a much bigger graduated table, and included many altered ideas. He used his new surveies as Ba ckground information on the three types of action organisation, cultural, societal, and personality. He included the major jobs of society and his structural-function positions, how society s parts work together to keep societal order. As his positions formed, he received much contention on his topics because they were so wide and varied. Although, Parsons continued his surveies and developed an even wider position over clip. He thought of society as four chief parts, which were specialized for their intents. He began utilizing these illustrations for many surveies in his ulterior calling. Besides, Parsons looked at ancient civilisations as mentions. His survey ran through the probe of these societies and how they evolved to today s people. He examined all facets of society and tried to integrate them into one societal scientific discipline. His surveies continued at Harvard University until 1973, when he retired. Not much is said about his after life, but he may hold continued his positions on society. He was really controversial and had a wide position, nevertheless, he was still an highly influential Sociologists and contributed a batch to the field. On May 8, 1979, Talcott Parsons died in Munich, Germany. Populating a long life, Parsons achieved many ends and left his grade in Sociology. Historical Events While Parsons grew up, several historical events occurred. To get down, in 1903, the first working aeroplane was invented. Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully invented a working aeroplane in December 1903. They flew this plane for 37 stat mis around a town in Ohio, and it landed absolutely. The aeroplane was subsequently used in WW1. Another chief event that happened was World War 1. This war was fought from 1914-1918, while Parsons was a adolescent. During this section, America, Great Britain, Russia, and France, fought against the German ground forces in Europe. Simultaneously, America was combating Japan on the other side of the universe. Both axis powers, Germans and Nipponese, were seeking to derive political control of other states. In sociological history, there were two occurrences that took topographic point. Both losingss were of the same topic and transpired around the same clip. In 1917, Emile Durkeim, a Gallic sociologist who was known for his self-destruction survey, died. Then, three old ages subsequently, Max Weber passed off. Patricia Miller-Shaivitz claims that Max Weber was a German sociologist, who was recognized for his survey on establishments. These were considered two large losingss for sociology. Contributions to Sociology Talcott Parsons started with his appraisal of other sociologists positions. He used these affairs to organize his ain apprehension on the topic and to make his theories. His positions on societal action and the societal system created gesture in the universe of sociology. His works lead to Parsonianism, and they helped followings organize their ain theories on the affair. Parsons composing caused a batch of resistance in sociology, which helped reasoning associates intervene with their ideas. His first book made a base for his theses and attracted a batch of attending. His protagonists were formed and so was his Parsonian construct. His followings and constructs grew and widened. His impressions created a large grade in sociology and in besides other topics. His positions built a new manner of thought for other sociologists, taking to new capable affairs and ideas. With the release of Parsons 2nd book, hostility began stirring in sociology. His plants caused rivals to knock, and this enticed them to build ideas to contend Parsons construct In bend, he developed theories that associates could utilize to do similar or diverse premises. Until now, his plants still are used as basic positions on society, and they help us understand specific capable affairs. During his instructions at Harvard University, Talcott induced his and other positions into the heads of many immature pupils. So, you can state that he bread a strong herd of sociologists. Parsons assisted in the motion for a sociology section at Harvard and ran it for many old ages. This new section was where the elect sociologists learnt their rudimentss and graduated as prima theoreticians. Parsons besides merged three Fieldss of survey, anthropology and psychological science with sociology, which is still used by modern twenty-four hours sociologists. Even though he contributed in many other ways, Parson theories and positions are still his chief benefactions to sociology. Many people were interested in the action theory and his ideas on societal action, systems, development, and order, and people even ponder them today. Encyclopedia Americana acknowledges that # 8220 ; His work will go on to capture our imaginativeness and regard # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( 480 ) . Sociologists and theoreticians will be utilizing his impressions for a long clip to come. My Chemical reactions As I began to research Talcott Parsons, I could non recognize why people, largely in the societal scientific discipline field, respected him so much. With the small information I could procure, I started to larn more about his life, and why he was so admired. I feel that people liked him because of his plants, integrating all facets of society, and his parts to society. His positions looked at society s different parts, and how they worked as a group to execute specialised undertakings. Peoples felt that as he was seeking to understand society, Parsons was seeking to assist society. His positions included the whole society and created a new chapter of sociology. Along with this, he helped sociology by doing the field good known. He was one individual who started Harvard s section of sociology, and he affiliated three chief surveies: anthropology, psychological science, and sociology. All these factors influenced sociology and, hence, made people honor Talcott Parsons. I would wish to add that from the 50 s to 60 s, Parsons life and calling was terribly complex. He was involved in many positions on society, and he had legion Hagiographas. I was non able to include that whole portion of his life because it was excessively in deepness and detailed. However, I pointed out the major elements of that clip frame. Besides, information on the last 10 old ages of his life was out of my appreciation. It is either unknown or exceptionally difficult to turn up. Bibliography # 8220 ; Airplane. # 8221 ; n. pag. Online. Internet. 20 Oct. 1998. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //encarta.msn.com/find/ default.asd? section=find Macionis, John J. Sociology: Sixth Edition. New Jersey: Simon A ; Schuster, 1997. Miller-Shaivitz, Patricia. # 8220 ; Major Theorists. # 8221 ; Palm Beach Community College. 9 Sept. 1998. Rossi, Ino. Structural Sociology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. # 8220 ; Talcott Parsons. # 8221 ; Encyclopedia Americana. 1996. # 8220 ; Talcott Parsons. # 8221 ; The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 1996. # 8220 ; Talcott Parsons. # 8221 ; International Encyclopedia of Social Science. 1979. # 8220 ; Talcott Parsons: 1902 # 8211 ; 1979. # 8221 ; Biography: 1p. Online. Internet. 20 Oct. 1998. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.search.biography.com/print_record.pl? id=18287 # 8220 ; Talcott Parsons ( 1902-1979 ) . # 8221 ; Sociology at Hewett: 1 of 2p. Online. Internet. 19 Oct. 1998. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hewett.norfolk.sch.uk/curric/soc/parsons.biog.htm # 8220 ; TSC: Talcott Parsons ( 1902-1979 ) . # 8221 ; Social Research Cafe: 1 of 2 p. Online. Internet. 20 Oct. 1998. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/2147/parsons.htm # 8220 ; World War 1. # 8221 ; Webster s New World College Dictionary. 1997.

My experiment Essay Example

My experiment Essay The aim of my experiment is to find the acceleration due to gravity otherwise known as g. To do this I could do an experiment that involves a pendulum and the formulawhich can be put into the equation of a straight line y=mx+c Another experiment I could undertake uses a trolley and ramp but a different formula involving mass, which again is put into the equation of a straight line.I am going to pursue the pendulum idea, as it was the original experiment used by Sir Isaac Newton whos value for the acceleration due to gravity still stands today (even with all our modern technology). The trolley and ramp idea seems insufficient as the trolley isnt really in free fall and the friction from the ramp would surely affect my results.I need to make a pendulum that: Has minimal friction at its pivot point, Can have its length easily changed and be accurately measured, Will not swing in a circle, Has a small set angle of swing (drop angle), Non elastic stemI propose two different ideas.Meccano idea: The rigid structure will stop the pendulum swinging in a circle. The even spaces mean that the length can be easily changed and easily measured. Using a wheel as a bob means that you can easily measure to the centre of it. Oil can be used to decrease friction at the pivot A protractor can be placed at the pivot and then the drop angle can be easily controlled. A light gate could be used to calculate oscillations more accurately.Double fishing line idea: The two points of contact will stop it swinging in a circle The line is almost massless which means it has little air resistance and has little negative affect on the experiment. The line can be clamped at the pivot and therefore has minimal friction. By measuring the line and marking divisions with a pen you can clamp the line at exactly the length you want, and easily slide it up and down to change it. Again a protractor can be used to control drop angle.Comparing the two ideas I find that:They both stop the pendulum swinging in a circle. This is important because I need to measure as accurately as possible the time period of a certain amount of oscillations. If the pendulum is swinging in a circle then the measurements will be less accurate. It could also collide with something, which would disrupt the experiment.They can both be measured accurately, although it is much easier to change the length of the meccano idea. The length is included in the formula, it will be one of the things used in calculating the acceleration due to gravity, and therefore needs to be measured as accurately as possible.The fishing line idea due to its clean crisp nature will have less friction at its pivot than the meccano idea. I would have to use oil for the pivot point of the meccano but it still involves the rubbing of metal against metal without bearings.They can both have their drop angle measured.The meccano idea could involve a light gate because its square shape will mean the light can be cut precisely whereas the f ishing line idea has a round bob with no definite cut of point and the fishing line is so thin it would not cut the light. As long as the cut of point is the same each time a light gate should be very accurate but it would take a lot of detailed co-ordination to achieve this. Also generally varying light levels occurring naturally in the room could affect the light gate. So as long as I work out my margin of error doing it manually would be just as accurate.Rigid pendulums are used in clocks so they must be accurate as timekeepers. Yet an Internet site (http: kossi.physics.home.edu/Courses/p23a/Experiaments/Pendulum.html) about the experiment stated that it recommended the use of a massless, inextensible string. All experiments I have seen also use some sort of string rather than a rigid structure.On this basis and previous reasoning I am going to use the fishing line idea.Apparatus: Fishing line Clip board clips Reasonably small cylindrical weight with attaching ring Two points of bearing so that the position of the bob at rest can be accurately seen when oscillating. Either a stand or clips from the ceiling or table. A stopwatch A protractor to measure the drop angle. A meter ruler or tape measure to measure the length of the pendulum.Fair test:There are three variables that could affect the result of my experiment. They are the drop angle the mass of the bob and the length of the pendulum. The two former are not included in the formula so should not affect the outcome of the experiment, non-the less I will keep them as constant as possible throughout my investigation.I will drop the pendulum from the same angle each time. This angle will be 10 degrees, anything more than that and the difference in amplitude of the oscillations will change more rapidly from the first to the last. This makes the time it takes for each different length of pendulum to complete the oscillations more variable.I will not move my experiment as not to change its set up between tests because this could affect my results.I will make sure that my pendulum stand is rigid so that it wont move and absorb some of the energy from the swing.Before I undergo the experiment I will use a computer program, which tests my reaction time, I can then work out the margin of error in my results. I will take the test 3 times and get an average I should be looking at something between 0.2 and 0.25 seconds.I will complete my experiments in a draft less area, as friction from a stream of air particles will have an adverse affect on the swing of the pendulum.Measurements:I will take measurements using a stop clock for the time it takes to complete 30 oscillations. This is enough to make human error and reaction time fairly insignificant but not too much so that the pendulum will stop before completion of its oscillations. In a book ( ) it recommends 50 oscillations and previous results show a successful experiment using only 20 so Im going for the middle ground. The stop clock will m easure accurately to 1/100th of a second, my reaction time after calculation will be somewhere between 0.2 and 0.25 of a second.I will measure the length of the pendulum but keep this as my controlled variable. I will measure from the pivot to the centre of the bob. The length measurements I will use will range from 10cm to 1m with divisions of 10cm. This means that from 0 there will be equal divisions, the graph will therefore look tidier and have a good range of results over an equal spread. I can measure with a tape measure precisely up to 0.1 of a centimetre (1.0mm).I will repeat my experiments 3 times and take an average. I will do this to check reliability, a small range in results means they are reliable.I will record my results in a table like this one: -Length of pendulum /mTime for 30 oscillations (s)Average period of time T/sTime for one length squared T2/s2EXP 1EXP 2EXP 30.100.200.300.400.500.600.700.800.901.00Detailed plan:; Find a suitable place to build the pendulum e ither from the ceiling, or on two stands between two tables to allow a meter of pendulum beneath them. A rigid structure is important otherwise energy is absorbed in the swaying of the stands.; Build the pendulum as shown in the picture on the previous page. By attaching the two clip board clips to something so that the distance between them does not change. Cut two pieces of fishing line longer than a meter and tie them both to a weight. Clip the line into the clipboard clips. Attach a protractor to one side so that the angle the pendulum is at can be seen from the other.; Use a smallish mass e.g. 50g so that the fishing line doesnt slide through the clipboard clips. Measure the length of the pendulum to be 10cm1.0mm When constructed hold the pendulum back to 10 degrees as shown on the protractor. Let go and at the same time start the stop clock. Count 30 oscillations and stop the clock. Note down the time on the chart in excel. Repeat the experiment another two times and note the results down on the chart. An average will automatically be calculated. Repeat with the next length e.g. 20cm1.0mm And then carry on until all lengths have been done 3 times. The results will automatically come up on a scatter graph in excel and should show a strait line.Safety:I will make sure any stands are fixed securely so that they wont fall on top of anyone.I will make sure the weight is secured tightly so that it wont fall of on to anyone.I will make sure everyone is clear of the pendulum so that it wont swing into anyone.I wont swing the pendulum past 10 degrees, as this is unsafe and may hit some one. Prediction:I predict my results will show that T2 is directly proportional to ; the gradient of the line will be around 4.00 and therefore a value for g can be calculated at 9.8ms-2 (2sf)Hypothesis:T2 will be directly proportional to because as the length of the pendulum increases so does its displacement therefore so dose the time it takes.I predict this because Isaac Newton whom the story goes, had an apple fall on his head, recorded from theory that all objects had a gravitational pull or gravitational field strength due to the fact that masses attract. He successfully calculated using the pendulum experiment that the acceleration due to gravity was 9.81ms-2. The reason my results will not necessarily come up with this exact figure is because there will be a degree of uncertainty. This will be due to the accuracy of my measuring ability, which will be controlled by the equipment I use and in some case my reaction time.Another factor that plays a role in calculating g is where you are on the earth; In some places you weigh less than in others. This is due to things like the density of the rock that you are standing on. Igneous rock on continental plates, which is denser than others types will make g larger where as sedimentary rock on oceanic plates which is less dense than other types will cause a smaller value of g. If this is so then doing the exper iment out at sea or elevated from the ground on a high-rise building will also have a different value for g. You also have to take into account gravitational pull from the sun and moon or even other smaller bodies of mass like say the walls in the room the experiment is undertaken. These will all pull the pendulum an opposite way to the effect from the earths gravitational field strength. Generally the affect is so small the apparatus I will be using wont pick up any difference in results. And I dont have enough funds to go travelling the world.ImplementingChanges I made to my plan while implementing where:Instead of using a protractor to measure a 10 degree drop angle, I drew this angle on to a piece of card so that I could see it clearly and therefore measure more accurately the angle at which I was dropping the pendulum each time.Because my pendulum involved two points of contact the fishing line could not just be measured from the clip to the bob to gain a value for length, as t his would have been incorrect. Instead I had to measure the distance from the ground to the bottom of the clip (155.5cm) and make sure this value was the same on both sides by adjusting the clamps. I would then measure from the ground to the centre of the bob and take it away from 155.5cm to gain the value for length.Although I said I would not move the pendulum structure as not to affect the results, due to the time it took to build my structure I could not finish my experiment in the first sitting. I had to move it to keep it safe. I took measurements so that I could put it back in almost the same place for the next sitting.Observing and recordingHere are the results that I collected from my experiments:Length of pendulum (/m)Time for 30 oscillations (s)Standard deviationAverage period of time (T/s)Time for one length squared (Tà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)Increment (s)EXP 1EXP 2EXP 30.1018.8218.8418.820.0118.830.390.390.2027.0527.0027.020.0327.020.810.420.3032.9633.0133.010.0332.99 1.210.400.4038.2238.2238.180.0238.211.620.410.5042.5342.4642.560.0542.522.010.390.6046.6646.7546.750.0546.722.430.420.7050.3450.2850.350.0450.322.810.390.8053.8953.7553.870.0853.843.220.410.9057.0656.9957.090.0557.053.620.401.0061.5459.2060.161.1860.304.040.42While implementing my experiment I added two more columns to my chart. The standard deviation column was added so that I could see weather my result taking was reliable and then make a decision on whether to repeat them or not. The increment column was added so that I could see how close to a straight line my results were heading. Both of these additions allowed me to see while doing the experiment whether I was doing it right and therefore whether I had to change anything.The results in green where results that I repeated, and the results in red are ones which I have earmarked for closer evaluation due to the large standard deviation from them. The green results for 0.1m were all repeated because the first time I collected the m I counted every swing as an oscillation, therefore only timing it for half the oscillations it should have completed. It there had a much lower result for time period than is shown in green (in fact only half that). I could have doubled the result but that would have been bad practise, wind resistance may have slowed down that second half of oscillations, which I would not have observed.For the time period of the oscillations I wrote down the results to two decimal places because I wanted to have the level of precision given by the stop clock. Because of this in all other calculations originating from the time period of the oscillations I also used two decimal places.Interpretation and EvaluationFrom the chart I made a graph on excel which plotted time squared (Tà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½) against length (/m). I expected to see a straight line with strong positive correlation through (0,0) because it is directly proportional.This graph shows that time squared is directly proportio nal to the length of the pendulum. This is because of simple harmonic motion caused by the pull of gravity. If the graph was just time against length it would be a curve. I can now work out the acceleration due to gravity but first I have to put the equation that relates T2 to length into the formula for a straight line.y=mx+cI then used the gradient, 4.03 to eventually find a value for g.Theory shows that the value for c (the intercept) should be 0 because the line is directly proportional. Although my result for c is a very tiny way off 0 it is too small to be used in the calculation. The reason it does not follow theory is because of an error in the measuring of the length. There are many reasons why that may be. One reason is that because of the long-winded way I had to measure the length of the pendulum there was much room for small errors, like whether the ground was all level. Another reason could be that because my bob had a small extension above its main body its centre of gravity would not have been exactly at its main body centre, this would mean a slight error in measuring the length each time. I could work out the bobs centre of gravity and if I had more time thats what I would do to extend this experiment. But now I am quite happy with knowing that my value for g is not affected by this small error. If I were to do the experiment again I would take more time and caution when measuring and maybe find a better more accurate way to do it. I would use a bob that could be described as a point weight or work out the centre of gravity for an irregular weight.Degree of uncertainty:I am going to round my value of gravity to 2 significant figures. This gives me a value for g at 9.8ms-2 and a percentage error of compared to the accepted value of 9.81ms-2. To find out where this percentage error came from I have to trace back and work it out from the limitations of my measuring equipment.Actual error for time0.15sActual error for length0.001mLength of P (/m) Average period of time (T/s)Percentage error for T (%)Time for one length squared (T2/s2)Percentage error for T2 (%)Actual error for T2 (s2)0.1018.830.800.391.590.010.2027.020.560.811.110.010.3032.990.451.210.910.010.4038.210.391.620.790.010.5042.520.352.010.710.010.6046.720.322.430.640.020.7050.320.302.810.600.020.8053.840.283.220.560.020.9057.050.263.620.530.021.0060.300.254.040.500.02* Actual error for time is 0.01s for the limitation of the stop clock + 0.14s for the variance in my reaction time. If it takes you 0.2 seconds to react to the dropping of the pendulum and then 0.2 seconds to react to it finishing its final oscillation then the two cancel each other out. The problem is you dont have the same reaction time each occasion you stop or start the clock. To find out my minimum and maximum reaction time I used a computer program and found that my fastest result was 0.19s and my slowest was 0.26s a 0.07 second difference. This means that there is a 0.14 second uncertainty, 0. 07 at the start and 0.07 at the end.* To find the percentage uncertainty for time I divided the actual error by the average time and then multiplied this by 100.* To find the percentage error for time squared I multiplied the percentage error for time by two.* To find the actual error for time squared I divided the T2 by 100 and then multiplied this by the percentage error for T2.* The actual error for length is due to the limitation of the measuring equipment and means that I can only measure accurately up to one millimetre.To find out the percentage error of my result for g I need to now draw another graph with error bars, then from this find the maximum and minimum possible values of the gradient. After that I will use the formula to work out a value for the acceleration due to gravity using the lowest gradient and then the same with the highest gradient. From that I can then work out a percentage error.From the graph you can see that my two values for g were 9.99ms-2 and 9.62ms- 2 this gives me an actual error of 0.2ms-2 rounded to one significant figure and a percentage error of 2%.This shows that the true value for g lies within the percentage error of mine 9.8ms-22%. These errors came from the accuracy of the equipment that I was using or the accuracy of my ability to read of the results from the equipment. If I wanted to eradicate any hint of error caused by reaction time in any future experiments I could use a light gate to record the time taken for oscillations. This is a device that when the light is disrupted records a result on a computer. I had previously disregarded this idea because it was not suited to my experiment but Im sure that in future I could adapt it.Correlation:I know that my gradient produced an accurate value for g taking into account the percentage error, but what about each individual result for time. How accurate are they? How strong is there correlation? And what could I have done to make them more accurate? I researched a formu la that could be used to calculate correlation called the: -Product Moment Correlation Coefficient:With the help of a graphic calculator I worked this out to be 0.99997431 (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 1) in a scale where 1 is absolute positive correlation and 0 is no correlation it is quite clear that these results bear a very strong positive correlation.Although the correlation is strong there is a reasonable amount of standard deviation between my 3 repeats of each length of pendulum. From my table of results you can see that generally the longer the pendulum the greater the standard deviation, especially on the last length highlighted in red. I suggest that the longer the pendulum swings for the more friction air resistance and any other external effects affect it. The reason that the last result was so far different was, I think, because the table that my experiment sat was knocked during the taking of one result. This would have meant some of the energy from the swing would have been absorbed in the swaying of the table and structure.You can also see from the increment that there wasnt a perfect step up in results this could be due to the unevenness of the floor, which I was measuring the length from. The way I was measuring the angle left a small margin for error each time I dropped the pendulum. The fishing line could have slipped a bit on some results although it was held quite firmly it was held by the spring tension of a metal clip board clip rather then say a fixed clamp. Due to the fact that the experiment took me a while to set up (mainly because of trying to solve my angle measuring problem) I didnt get to finish all the result taking in one session. Although I tried my best using measurements to set it up exactly the same in the next session the results may have been affected. Though looking at my chart there is no uniform alteration in increment or standard deviation, which would support this. To improve my experiment for next time I would pay more attention to detail when measuring the angle of swing and do all the result taking in one session.One other factor that may have caused a small anomaly in my value for the acceleration due to gravity is as I explained in my plan the difference in the Earths gravitational field strength. Because the different density of the earth at different points it dose not have a uniform gravitational field strength and the place where I conducted my experiment may have a different value for g than the place Newton conducted his. (I must note that this anomaly will only be tiny but very interesting if I wanted to extend my experiment any further)Conclusion:I conclude that my result for the acceleration due to gravity of 9.8ms-2 reflects an accurate attempt at supporting the value discovered by Sir Isaac Newton. The 2% uncertainty that I gained from the limitations of my measuring equipment due to their accuracy show that Newtons value lies within the boundaries of mine. If I were to do the experiment agai n and follow all the modifications that I have stated then I am sure that I could if not only repeat the level of accuracy shown by my result of g to 2 significant figures maybe even find it to 3 (9.81ms-2).Furthering my investigation:To further my investigation I could find out the effect on time period by changing mass (although I know from Newton who stated that the time period is independent of mass or swing length, the fact that they are not in the formula supports this).I could complete the experiment in different parts of the world where I know the density of rock beneath me is different to see if I could gain different results for g. My experiment would have to have been refined to great perfection though so as to notice any change.I could investigate the simple pendulum as a parametric oscillator by changing either its length or acceleration due to gravity during oscillations as to keep it swinging at a constant rate.