Importance of Branding Essay

Introduction Successfully building an appropriate brand for a company does more than merely provide an appealing design, picture and slogan for a consumer to view. It provides a value that which is necessary to obtain in order to stay competitive in most industries in modern day society. This is both valid in Business to Consumer (B2C) marketing and Business to Business (B2B) marketing. The approach and importance of successfully branding ones service or product both tangible and intangible through B2C and B2B are similar, but also do have key differences. In this report, we will discuss the advantages of building a strong brand name and image, risks, and some techniques. Relative Literature Brand pundits refer to our modern day society, (that which strategic branding is necessary otherwise one will be faced with a competitive disadvantage) also as a branding world (Sarin). This is due to there being more than 2.5 million registered trademarks in the United States alone (Sarin). With such heavy competition, it is vital that ones company does everything possible to differentiate themselves. Building a strong brand is a great method of doing so. Obtaining a recognizable brand backed with a positive brand image make purchaser’s decisions much easier. It allows an abundant amount of information to be provided to the customer or business representative before any form of research (Robert Vitale). As much as bundling information for purchaser’s to make easier decisions assists businesses increase their sales, it also prevents the consumer or business representative from purchasing the wrong good. Active marketers aim to succeed at two different points of a sale: 1- properly market their product/service to be initially bought, 2- have the person or company be satisfied with the value purchased (Robert Vitale). After the second point, it is likely that the company has just gained a repeat, loyal customer. If an individual/company finds a good/service that meets their criteria, why risk purchasing something else that may not deliver? With a recognizable brand, one can ensure that every time this purchaser seeks the same product/service, they will come right back. Value has been created from the product/service, recognized by the brand, therefore creating a positive brand image. Brand image further establishes a reputation and as long as that is positive then one can expect to notice sales to exponentially increase. Due to extra value added onto companies with an established brand name, there is extra cost. The value added for the purchaser generally encompasses the predictability of getting the same product or service (less risk) and familiarity, in other words, â€Å"the value of trust earned between the brand promise and the brand experience† (Maruca). One CEO of an electrical business producing copper wire reported that he preferred brand products because of consistency (Sari n). Consistency is important for him because the materials purchased are then used by his company to create iron rods that they strive to have quality behind. If they cannot trust the quality of their supplies then they cannot confidently produce their own good. It is too much of a hassle for companies to constantly search for new suppliers, once one is found, it saves an enormous amount of effort to become a repeat customer. A massive steal producer in India explained that he would rather pay the increased premium price for a brand product because the initial cost might be high, but operation costs and maintenance is lower since the brand products purchased come with customer care and instill a workflow stability (Sarin). Companies aiming to establish a positive brand image must provide great customer care. It is hard to build a good reputation, but it is easy to destroy it (Philip Kotler). Strategizing how to properly build a good image for ones company must be consistent. Throughout all avenues of the media a clear message of ones company must be illustrated. A proper division within a company should assemble to do so. Brand management â€Å"establishes a framework systematically managing the planning, development, implementation and evaluation of brand strategy† (Robert Vitale). Evaluation are key tools needed to ensure that the implemented strategy is actually going as planned. There are two ways of evaluating brand strategies. The first is a research-based evaluation. The aim of this approach is to put a financial value on the brand measured by customer’s behaviours and attitudes towards the brand itself. Components of the measurement are: awareness, knowledge, familiarity, relevance, satisfaction, and recommendation (Robert Vitale). Second approach is financially driven. This time brand valuation is used to approximate the value of the brand and it is based on subjective judgments of people within the organization in question. The earnings stream is estimated then divided by those attributable to the brand, to the fixed assets, and to other intangible assets. Next there’s an estimation of value for the brand in the market (Robert Vitale). These tools are so important because without checking up on ones brand image, it could possible take a turn down a path in the minds of the market in a direction the company does not want to go. It takes a long time to successfully establish a brand because it takes a long time to establish trust and confidence in the customer (Robert Vitale). Here B2C and B2B marketing differ. Because B2B business is simply so much larger then B2C, gaining a trustworthy relationship proves to be much more challenging (Robert Vitale). Customers in B2C interactions have less to risk while representatives of companies have to ensure that what they are purchasing is the standard of quality acceptable for their organization. If they fail it is not just a waste of money, they could face much more drastic consequences such as loosing contracts, dropping stocks, investors, or even the purchasing representatives job security. Of course the way that purchase decisions are handled vary around the world. For instance, in South American cultures, any kind of major purchasing decision takes extended periods of time to make (John Daniels). Before people even begin to discuss business the first establish a relationship. To them this builds trust that which is necessary for their way of life otherwise they cannot comfortably move onto negotiations. In B2C interactions however, one can notice that many purchases seem to occur more spontaneously (John Daniels). What this shows us is that is imperative to take into consideration cultural differences when marketing into different countries, constantly evaluate how the market perceives ones brand, but never have contradict the brand image, consistency is necessary or it will have no effect at all. Discussion I believe in terms of importance of brand names, there is a massive factor that which was barely discussed in any of my sources. Income is one the largest, if not the largest factor influencing buying behaviour. This would affect B2C business more, but it would still affect small to medium sized businesses. If they cannot afford the brand name products/services then they would get a lesser-known product/service. This is because value and quality are not synonyms for each other. Yes a brand adds value to a company, but that does not mean it adds quality to the product/service. Furthermore, I would even go as far as to disagree with large companies insisting to buy brand names. If anything they should have a well-experienced purchasing division whom can find suppliers whom can deliver the quality products/services needed and avoid the premium cost that which branded companies incur. Lastly, I also noticed throughout all the academic sources I read through for this thought paper, I couldn’t help but realize that there did not seem to be a large enough focus on the difference between B2C and B2B marketing. Minus the degree of speed it takes to win over a customers trust in B2C marketing, it appeared to myself that marketing in both avenues almost seemed to be the same. I need to disagree with this to some degree. Lastly I would have to disagree with the mentality I observed in all of the academic sources I went through in regards that branding is good for everyone. Based on different people I have met throughout my life, I am confident that there are people whom go out of their way NOT to purchase brand names (or at least big brand names). They believe that local business needs the money and that they should be supported since they are the businesses that bring true culture to the region. On these people, brand names have the inverse affect Suggestions for further Research I suggest that more research be carried out on the contrast of satisfaction levels of companies purchasing brand name products/services and ones who find other less known suppliers. Earlier in this paper we discussed was of evaluating the brand name, there must be another way of evaluating satisfaction of purchases in general and discovering this difference should bring light to how much brands actually matter for B2B marketing. In regards to B2C marketing, I completely agree that having a brand brings value to the company and helps attract and retain customers, but I do not believe that it is the same for B2B. Further research on the differences of B2B and B2C brand awareness would be great as well. While research the differences of B2B and B2C, plunging further into techniques of appealing to the portions of the market who actively seek alternate companies to purchase from who do not have a big brand name. Through this research companies would be able to more accurately direct marketing efforts towards the audience where it matters most, and the best result demonstrated in a favourable Return on Investment (ROI). Conclusion Corporate branding is necessary for any most companies to compete in their industry. In the B2C avenues (minus those who actively look for lesser known names to purchase from) branding is very successful. In regards to B2B avenues of business, many professionals believe that purchasing brand name products/services is still the best option though I am not convinced. Until further research is done comparing general satisfaction levels between brand name purchases and lesser-known product/service purchases on a mass scale of small to large sized companies, I will remain under the impression that B2B branding is not ALWAYS the best way. Of course there are frequent times that brand name companies deliver great value (that is how they usually form their great brand image), but I cannot believe that the â€Å"brand name world† that which we live in is the way of the future just yet. Bibliography John Daniels, L. R. International Business Environments and Operations. Pearson. Maruca, R. F. The Way We Work An Encyclopedia of Business Culture. Philip Kotler, W. P. B2B Brand Management. Springer. Robert Vitale, J. G. Business to Busines Marketing Analysis and Practice. Pearson. Sarin, S. Strategic Brand Management for B2B Markets A Road Map for Organizational Transformation. Response Business Books from SAGE.

Opportunity to make this film Essay

â€Å"Let him have it, Chris† are the words used by Derek. The audience could interpret this statement in two different ways – as an instruction to shoot or as a request to hand the weapon over. The audience is led to believe that Bentley meant the latter, but Craig interprets the line in the first way. He fires at the detective, wounding him in the shoulder. The impulsive movement of the camera and the unmistakeable sound of a gunshot are both used, with great effect, to scandalize the audience. The detective then retreats for cover, verbally and physically abusing Derek, â€Å"Have you got a fucking gun, too, eh? † He pushes him hard against the wall using his own body as a ram. This may have been to increase his levels of cover, reducing a possible target, but the audience think of it as intimidating Derek. The detective then proceeds to caution Bentley, but groans with pain before he can finish. He then finds the knuckle duster Bentley is carrying, a present from Craig. He seems to blame Bentley, forcing him against the wall, causing the audience to feel sorry for him even though what he has done is clearly wrong. The next scene is showing Craig reloading his weapon behind an access point to the roof. After each round he loads into the magazine, a police officer is shown in a police station being handed a gun before running out of shot. This gives the viewers the impression that each round in Craig’s weapon is meant for that particular officer. This again makes the audience feel that he’s there to kill, not just to get away, condemning him as some sort of maniac. The next thing shown is Chris firing randomly into the air as he moves closer to the camera. It shows him as being much more confident than before, as though this event was his rite of passage, his destiny. His teeth are clenched, ready for war and he wears a crazy smile, as though he is indeed insane. This confidence is not shared by Bentley, however, who is shown to be scared and worried. Later on, the same actions are taking place but as Craig walks amongst the skylights on the roof they light up, signifying that police were now inside the building. Police are shown to be in the very stairwell that Derek and the DC are hiding behind. An officer approaches the door, but before he can open it, another says â€Å"Here, let me†. This is ironic as the next sequence of events will show. The colour inside this tiny room is once again gold, annotating these characters as friendly. As the first officer jumps out from the door to join up with his colleague he is immediately shot by Craig. As this happens, the speed of the film slows, showing you the full gore of the fall the policeman has to take. The music then turns low as if to say ‘that wasn’t a good idea†¦ ‘. As DC Fairfax runs inside shouting â€Å"Get me a fucking gun†, Derek wanders to the body. The camera then switches to a different shot, this one as though the audience are in Derek’s head. The camera tentatively swoops from normal eye level to the body and then back up. He then gazes back at Craig, muttering â€Å"You shot him†. â€Å"Stay back†. At this point the audience does know that Craig has turned into a maniac, rejecting one of his friends. Two officers then grab Derek and use him as a shield to retreat back to the stairs. This makes Bentley appear as just a tool rather than a person, the police regarding him as a means to an end rather that an end in itself. â€Å"You bastard† uttered a police officer lingering in the stairwell as the two grasped him in a head – lock. Now the door was open the colour inside the building had changed, or been infected with the chilling blue. Because of that the police had changed from someone the audience could trust into someone to be wary of. Meanwhile, Craig continues to fire randomly into the air, shouting abuse at the people present, â€Å"You ain’t getting up here that way copper†, â€Å"Come on then, I’m only sixteen†. This action shows the audience his insanity and the amount of courage he has because this statement makes the audience believe that he feels he can take on the world. Eventually DC Fairfax re-emerges with a revolver too. He bides his time, waiting behind the cover of the stairwell. After a burst of fire, the audience hear a click. It is clear to all but Craig what this means. Fairfax advances, into no – man’s land, ready to face off his opponent. â€Å"Stay back†, says Chris, pointing the gun at the detective. But he continues to advance. Click. Click, Click. Craig’s out of ammunition. He begins to step backwards, away from Fairfax. In a desperate attempt to end it, Craig turns the gun on himself and pulls the trigger, braced for impact. Click Click Click. He now begins to whimper, Fairfax pushing him further and further away. In a last – ditch attempt, Craig summersaults from the roof onto a nearby greenhouse. The siege had ended. Throughout the whole of the scene, chilling blue was used to amplify the feeling of dread the audience are already feeling. This case is well publicised in all types of media, although not all sources sympathise with Derek. The Daily mail, the best selling newspaper at the time, printed a highly sensationalised and inaccurate report which claims Craig was in possession of a sten gun, a fully automatic weapon of devastating proportions. After the â€Å"battle† they report a heroic chase of the gunmen, over rooftops and down fire escapes. This relates to the film well, as this is biased, but on the part of the police, a normal response to murder. Another curious aspect of the investigation is whether Bentley actually even said the words that eventually killed him. During the trial, Craig denied the words were said. One police officer confirmed this in his statement, writing, â€Å"I did not write it down because I did not hear it. I did not hear it down because it was not said†. Claude Pain’s statement was later lost by police. Controversy still shrouds this topic, and, indeed, the whole court case’s truth. It has been suggested in the book ‘Let Him Have It, Chris’ by M. J. Trow that the words that hung Bentley may have been ‘borrowed’ from the case of Rex V. Appleby who was hung for inciting his accomplice to kill a policeman by shouting â€Å"Let him have it, he is all alone†. Did the police believe what had hung Appleby would hang Bentley? These statements point out yet more bias acts to swing the trial in favour of the police. It seems that there is much biased activity within the real life events as well as the film. While the director has chosen that the character should say these words, he has ignored the fact the police constable killed on the roof, Sydney Miles, was a father of two. This may have been omitted so as not to prevent the audience feeling sympathy towards Derek and even some sympathy towards Chris. The next scene is after the court case and the sentence has been passed. The family has campaigned Bentley’s innocence and found many to believe this too. The trial, too, has been uncovered as a sham. It is discovered that Derek has the mental age of eleven and should never have been tried. Victory seems almost certain for the Bentley’s, but their pleas for a pardon have been rejected. Many feel this an injustice. The scene starts with Derek’s father walking out, into his street, and looking around in despair. Although this action is shown for a mere two seconds, if that, a lot can be deduced. His pace is slow, his face pensive. As he walks out, the postman greets him with just one letter, a great deal less than days before. The camera zooms out, to reveal the street empty. This creates a sense of solace, that no-one is there to support the family. The roads are lined with decaying leaves, a sign that Derek is missed, for it was his job to clear them up. Their position is important, too. They are all in the gutter, suggesting that the father, like the leaves, is in the gutter too. The leaves are also dying, a subliminal message of what’s to come. The next event is the constant switching of shot from the cell of Derek to the family’s sitting room with them all gathered round, supporting each other. Nothing happens during these scenes, but the family is shown expressing their emotions. The use of this technique shows a direct link between them and Derek. Once again, Derek, or at least his face, is bathed in an almost angelic light. Close ups of everyone’s faces are used to convey just how much emotion he family are feeling. This technique also causes the audience to feel their sadness with the family, as though they were a member of that family. The section following that is of Bentley sitting down, crouched forward, over himself like an animal trying to protect itself. The vicar is reciting the Lord’s Prayer and Derek is saying as much as he can. This action suggests he now has no-one that can help him but God. He has stopped denying the inevitable and has accepted it. Gold is the predominant colour in this scene, warming the characters involved as though they are saints. The prayer is also what was said by the little girl before she spots Craig and Bentley climbing over the gates of the factory. This provides a waypoint in the film the audience can revisit, as though to say â€Å"What if†¦? † The family is shown in the living room once again, but this time from above. This effect makes it feel like Derek is looking down at them, as though already dead. It tell the audience that there is only one future for Derek. This reciting is interrupted, however, by the guard telling him it’s time in a more forceful way. As soon as the door is flung open, the colour inside the room is changed by that of the outside. It is now dark and blue once more, suggesting, quite rightly, that the mood inside the cell has changed. The ensuing action is very rapid, providing a harsh contrast between the relaxed readings of the vicar and the short, sharp officials. The first line said is â€Å"Here, drink this†. Once Derek has drunk the liquid the camera acts, once again, like the audience are looking at the events through Derek’s perspective. This rapid series of events gives the audience an impression of force, that Derek is being pushed into something that should never have happened. The camera cuts to Derek’s supporters outside the prison, showing he audience that even the general public believe what will happen is wrong, reinforcing the audience’s belief. The camera shows the crowd and then pans upward, showing the large towers of the prison. This is to show that the government is more far powerful than the people below. The coat of arms lies on the wall, meant to signify justice. The audience are now mentally branding everyone running the prison as evil. The scene shows that everyone is behind Derek, and makes the viewers ask why? Why did this happen? The camera shows Derek being led to the gallows, between two lines of executioners. The camera pans around these lines, showing, once again, the full might of authority. It makes the audience as well as Bentley feel as though there is no way out, no going back. Derek is taken into the execution room, blindfolded and hung. Once the blindfold is added, the music stops and now all the audience can hear is Derek’s loud breathing. This creates a sense of apprehension, like they don’t want to see what is about to happen. The action is once again very rapid, like the executioners don’t even want to be there. The room is dark and has no source of light apart from a small window. As the execution is completed, Derek’s shoes are shown falling off his feet and hitting the floor. There is now a lingering shot of them. They symbolise Derek, in a way. They give the impression that this is all that is left of him. They also highlight his mental age once more as they aren’t tied. After Derek is killed, the camera flies up, out of the room and returns to the family. This could be his spirit, flying away and returning to his home and family once more. As this takes place, there is no music, just the scared and agitated breathing of Derek. As the spirit enters the home, the audience can see the colours have changed. What was once lit with gold and yellow is now illuminated using the same chilling blue of that fateful night. This signifies that the mood inside the house has changed from warm and welcoming to cold and unforgiving. The family are shown crying on each other’s shoulders and the camera pans round the room to the clock, which is now the only thing audible over the crying. As the whimpers grow louder, the clock stops. This signifies that time has run out for Derek. As the credits begin to roll, the crying is faded out and silence follows. Medak has used every tool at his disposal to promote sympathy for Bentley and his family. The lighting is dark and harsh when showing characters that bring Derek down, while those that are friendly towards him are lit using gold and yellow. The music is repetitive and unforgiving, creating links to previous scenes it the audience’s mind. Often there are large gaps with no music whatsoever to emphasize the action taking place. The camera often switches from a third person view to the action as though it were Derek to show the audience exactly what he can see. The camera also persists in showing the audience of Derek’s suffering. The dialogue of many other characters involves swearing regularly, but not in the case of Derek or his family. They are shown to be as near angelic as humanly possible. Derek’s dialogue is childlike and predictable, another method of showing the audience his mental age. The director has achieved his goal tremendously well. The director, in my view, has strayed from the truth very little, but has neglected to include certain aspects of the story altogether to promote sympathy for Bentley and his family. The film is, indeed biased, and that is clear in the audiences mind as the film ends, but then, most people, having been given the opportunity to make this film, would have produced it as biased.

Financial Bubbles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Bubbles - Assignment Example The increase in demand pushed the price of this flower to the sky, leading to market maneuvers of artificial scarcity and artificial price hike. As they say, a bubble bursts when the investors start minting money out of it. Soon when people realized this situation they started selling their stocks and the large contractor started dishonoring their contracts thus resulting in the crash of the bulb market and the bubble burst/ Tech Bubble – 1999 This bubble is also known as the Dot.Com bubble. It happened when the technology market boomed and the internet business was thought to be the star of future profit. NASDAQ soared and so did these internet companies. But then in the late 1999 and the beginning of 2000 saw a crash of this internet bubble when the companies themselves could not take the over burden of these demands and showed losses that very high and pushed the index to a shocking low level, thus resulting in a bubble burst.

Supply Chain Management in the Argri Foods Sector within UK and Research Paper

Supply Chain Management in the Argri Foods Sector within UK and Northern Ireland - Research Paper Example Over the past few years, companies having been focusing on reducing the number of suppliers that they have so as to harness effective relationships that is build more on collaboration (Ponce-Cueto, Garcia-Sanchez, and Ortega-Mier, 2010: 111). Indeed supplier relationship which had in the past been ignored is presently growing to be an influential aspect of the retail supply chain and businesses as well. Lintukangas and Kahkonen (2010:107) show that supplier relationship which essential in connecting a business to the supplier network, is critical in increasing a firm’s competitiveness as the company is able to exploit synergies from such relationships. This increases the effectiveness of supplier relationship management thereby increasing business performance. Such views are also shared by Jiang, Henneberg and Naude (2012) who note that supplier relationship management which thrive in trusting and dependent environments are critical for the enhancing business objectives where the quality of such relationships determine level of trust. Problem Statement Though there have a wide array of research on how best to manage relationships within the supply in order to enhance the performance of an organizational (Olurunniwo et al, 2011; Leeman, 2010; Croxton et al, 2001), the evolving nature of the retail supply chain necessitates constant change in the way it is managed. Such changes that have over the recent past been impacting the supply chain include changes into multi-tier network of relationships, the increasing practice of outsourcing key supply chain processes within the retail sector and the impacts of the recession in the way the way that retailers carry their business and relate to the suppliers. This necessitates a study in this area into how such... This essay approves that in analyzing data in this research study, repeated themes and ideas gathered from the interview answers will be identified in order to give meaning to the data collected. The data gotten will be constantly compared both with the reviewed literature and with other respondent’s answers in order to determine a pattern and meaning. Common elements within the smaller retailers will also be analysed and identified in order to understand what these have in common, while common elements, themes and ideas from the large retailers will also be analysed in order to be able to understand what these share. This report makes a conclusion that it is not possible to explore and reach out to all the retail supply players and to relevant business entities since there are quite many businesses with different business operations. This follows the fact that the research focuses on retail supply chain which is crowded with diverse businesses. The research will therefore have some bias in a way as regards reaching out to particular relevant businesses. In addition, the research will cover only one specific geographic region and therefore may not be representative of all geographic regions and especially the global environment. In addition, getting access to some executives in some companies may need a lot of dedicated efforts in order to get an appointment set. Though the study is limited by these constraints, the results could have important practical implications to the retail industry.

Global warming and the environmental stratagies of the United States Essay

Global warming and the environmental stratagies of the United States - Essay Example military to focus â€Å"more on readiness and on military training and operations† (Green, 1999). Recent literature supports the fact that most conservation and prevention programs in the U.S. are voluntary and consist of â€Å"near-term opportunities (voluntary and partnerships) to conserve fossil fuel, recover methane, and sequester carbon† (EPA, 2007). Social systems in the United States provide much in the way of educating society about the effects of global warming. But, despite knowing the consequences of behaviors American’s have done little to change their behaviors when it comes to conservation and global warming. One major pollutant that is causing global warming is emissions from industries and automobiles. Despite knowing that these emissions harm the environment American’s still drive their automobiles with no passengers (no car pooling) because they are not willing to give up the freedom to travel when and where they want at any time. Industries barter for emissions allowances through a system that â€Å"sets limits on emissions and then allows companies to buy and sell emissions credits.†(Martin, B-1). This allows the states to set emissions caps but allows heavy polluters the opportunity to buy credits rather than reduce emissions. But, the ability to sell credits not used awards industries that c ut emissions. Citizen behavior probably would change in response to legislation or in reaction to direct consequences. Thus, it would be in the best interest for the United States to move away from voluntary participation to mandated participation by industries. The United States is a ‘throw away’ society where people simply discard what they don’t want as trash and use resources with little regard for the environment. And, Americans do not carpool as much as is recommended because of the inconvenience. Another major concern caused by global warming

Soccer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Soccer - Essay Example During normal competitions, a win results to three points whereas a draw results to one point. The basic law of this game is that only the goalkeeper should handle the ball using hands during play except in instances of a throw- in (Wingate, 2007). The players should not wear any dangerous material such as jewels whereas the goalkeeper must wear distinguishable clothing that is different from other players and match officials. Substitution of players occurs during the game and the permitted substitutions in a competitive game are three though this number may vary in friendly matches (Wingate, 2007). The reasons for substitution are injury and incompetence of a player. In addition, a coach may substitute a player in case of a tactical switch. A referee preside the game and has complete authority to impose the laws associated with the game. The referee can send a player off the field in case of any serious offence committed such as inappropriate tackling and intentional handling of the ball. A referee may punish a player’s misconduct through caution and issues a yellow card or send off by issuing a red card (Wingate, 2007). A standard match consists of two periods comprising of forty-five minutes each (Wingate, 2007). In addition, there is a fifteen minutes break amid halves. The referee who is the timekeeper may opt to give additional time to recover time lost because of attending an injured player. Conclusively, an individual must master some skills to perfect in this game such as shooting, juggling, and dribbling (Wingate, 2007). Defenders need to master the skill of

The effectiveness of residential programs in treating addiction Research Paper

The effectiveness of residential programs in treating addiction - Research Paper Example This behavior is a result of the effects of prolonged exposure to drugs on brain functioning. Addiction has an effect on multiple circuits of the brain including those involved learning, memory, motivation, reward and those that control behavior (Doweiko, 2009). Treatment of addiction is not simple because addiction disrupts many aspects in the life of an individual. Effective addiction treatment programs incorporate a lot of components. Each component is directed to a particular aspect of the illness. Addiction treatment should be focused on helping an individual stop drug use, maintain a lifestyle that is drug-free, and attain productivity in the family, in society and at work. The fact that addiction is a disease means that people cannot stop using drugs at once and be cured. Many patients require long-term treatment and care to achieve sustained abstinence and recover from addiction. Clinical practice and scientific research have demonstrated the importance of continuous care in treatment of addiction. Residential treatment centers form the best line of defense against drug addiction and several other compulsive behaviors. Although there are various levels of care for treating addiction such as one-on-one therapy, day treatment, and outpatient treatment, residential treatment is considered to be the most effective approach to rehabilitation for health disorders that are behavior related. Â  Thousands of residential treatment centers are available for individuals undergoing addiction recovery. The centers are geared towards dealing with all types of compulsions and addictions so as to assist the millions of addicts get their lives back on track. Residential treatment programs are highly effective, especially for severe addiction problems. An example is the highly structured programs referred to as therapeutic communities where patients reside for 6 to 12 months (Doweiko, 2009). Therapeutic communities differ from other

Place Final Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Place Final Project - Essay Example United States is centrally located to its influential neighbors, West of Europe, East of Russia, North of South America, and South of Canada. Surrounded by powerful nations, its political and foreign policy has been set to address its relationship with its neighbors. The cultural mix of its people has been as a result of its location and its resources. Culture is an important element in any community. However, United States has had a history that has allowed migrants to seek refuge in it. The historic slave trade from the coast of West Africa brought a large number of Africans into America. The World War One and Two provided a safe refuge for Europeans who were escaping their homelands due to fighting. The late 90s and the 21st century has witnessed a migration of the South Americans into America as they search for a better life. Student Exchange programs that have been started between America and Asian countries have seen the number of Asian population increase drastically. The movement of cultures into America has been from every direction. The cultural positioning of communities in the United States has influenced national decisions. United States is recorded to have 77% of its population being whites and 13.2% being Africa America. There are states that are considered to be of a black majority like Mississippi and Alabama while others in the North are considered to be of a white majority. The divisions are due to historical occurrences though there is a continued diffusion of these communities as they interact. Political candidates address each region depending on its cultural composition. For example, the Hispanic community has grown to influence a presidential candidature, Marco Rubio. The Federal Government is making decisions with much consideration of the geographical compositions of each state. The Federal budget is also affected by the composition

Risk and return of entrepreneurial investments Essay

Risk and return of entrepreneurial investments - Essay Example In this regard, venture capital partnerships have played a significant role and have made this industry grow (Kaplan and Schoar, 2003). In order to validate their claim, Kaplan and Schoar (2003) analysed the history of venture capital partnerships which had increased in the year of 1990 from less than $10 billion to over $180 billion till the year of 2000. Entrepreneurial investments require taking many risks and return measurement methods. But, before going to take risk, capital is required to be available for the purpose of investments. Many methods are available that can be used for the purpose of arranging capital. Venture capital can be a good source of finance. In which mostly, wealthy individuals provide their capital to investment companies, small business, and limited partnerships. This type of capital is collected to invest in a new business or ventures. A considerable amount of capital is required to invest with the intent of receiving high returns.Furthermore, angel investors also provide capital for those who wants to establish their small business or those who want to become investment entrepreneurs. This type of capital is mostly provided and given for a one-time injection. This one time injection provides a root to grow the tree of a business or investment. Also, Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) can also be used for the purpose of raising capital. This raised capital can be used for the purpose of doing further investment in different and variety of assets. But, using this method of collecting capital requires a company to issue a publically tradable shares and securities. After arranging and investing capital, return can be measured and understood with the use and application of the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The internal rate of return provides a figure of the annual yield on an investment (Gottschalg & Phalippou, 2007). This yield measurement tool is considerably helpful to determining the level of yield that can be expected from a set of investments. A particular numerical method of the internal rate of return is used to obtain the figure of yield. Also, Net Present Value (NPV) is a widely used as a tool of evaluation. This tool of evaluation can be used to determine and highlight an investment project from a set of different investment projects that have positive cash flows. Thus, the posi tive net cash flows authenticate and validate to go with the project for the purpose of investment. In the subsequent parts of this piece of work, first, private equity funds, angel investors, venture capitalists, IPOs are further elaborated. Then, IRR and NPV are explained. But before conclusion, some focus is given to US or EU returns of entrepreneurial finance are explained. Private Equity Funds____________________________________ Private equity is not quoted like public equity in the capital markets. Fund managers first try to arrange some funds. And subsequently, these funds are invested into public and private companies. Various sources are available that can be used for the purpose of raising funds. For example, angle investors, venture capitalists and so on. Mostly, it is these sources that play a vital and pivotal role in raising funds. Additionally, some academic gurus call them institutional investors as well. Various reasons can require a need to raise funds or capital. Sometimes, a company may require to facilitate and to fulfil the purchase needs of new assets to add to the efficiency of a business; to fulfil a short term

San Diego Zoo Essay Example for Free

San Diego Zoo Essay 1. Do you think the San Diego Zoo’s old appraisal system needed to be changed? I think it needed to be changed because before they weren’t taking it seriously and it was a low priority to them. Now with the new system the employees will get raises depending on their performance which in turn will increase company performance. 2. What do you think are the pros and cons of using a Web-based appraisal system? The pros of using a web-based appraisal system is that it is convenient because a large group of people can be rated in less time and it will control personal bias. The cons of using a web-based appraisal system is that it gives too little attention to the overall performance of workers and in person interviews are more effective in rewarding or pointing out deficiencies in workers. 3. How do you the new appraisal system will affect employees and the types of employees who work at the zoo? The new appraisal system will affect employees positively for those employees that are looking to grow with the company and be a part of the growth. When an employee is given targets and goals to reach, then they know what they are working towards and they are aware that if they reach the targets and goals there is a gain for them at the end. With this set, you will get employees that are willing to do the work and the time to get a job done right.

Globalization Its Mechanism And Opportunities For Women Entrepreneurship Economics Essay

Globalization Its Mechanism And Opportunities For Women Entrepreneurship Economics Essay Globalisation has provided opportunities for women enterpreneurship in the field medicine, hospitality, computer software and information technology, beauty and healthcare, sports, food, fruits and vegetable processing, banking, event mangement etc. Some of the famous enterpreneurs are Kiran Mazumder Shaw of Bicon, Lalitha Gupte, Head of HSBC, Vandan Luthra and Shahnaz Hussian in the field of beauty and health care.In this dynamic world, women entrepreneurs are an important part of the global guest for sustained economic development and social progress. In advanced countries, there is a phenomenon of increase in the number of self-employed women, after the world war two. In USA women own 25% of all business ,though their sales are on an average are less than two-fifths of those of other small business. In Canada, women own one-third of small business and in France it is one-fifth. In the closing years of the 21st Century, multi skilled, productive and innovative women entrepreneurs are inextricable for achieving susained economic growth. Globalisation can be a major force for prosperity only if it is backed by adequate national policies and condusive social and economic environment for women.Nowadays ,women are well- educated with technical and professional qualifications. Many of them have medical ,management and similar degrees and diplomas.Many have entered family business as equal partners.Women set up their own clinics or nursing homes ,small boutiques,small manufacturing enterprise and entered garment exports. Keywords- Women Entrepreneurship,Globalisation,Opportunities,Economy. Introduction- Globalisation describes a process by which regional economies, societies and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation and trade. The term is sometimes used to refer specifically to economic globalisation, the integration of national economics, the integration of national economics into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment capital flows, migration and the spread of technology. The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages or popular culture through acculturation. Globalisation leads to an expanding global and national economy. It is a process which tends to increase the interdependence, intergration and links between economics of varous nations. Foreign Direct Investment flows over the years have contributed to the increased economic integration, globalisation process on a world wide level. The economic development in India followed a socialist inspired policies for most of its independent history including state ownership of many sectors, extensive regulations and red tape known as Licence Raj and isolation from the world economy. Since the mid 1980s India has slowly opened up its market through market liberalization. After more fundamental reforms since 1991 and their renewal in the 2000s, India has progressed towards a free market economy. In the late 2000s Indias growth has reached 7.5% which has double the average income in a decade. Globalisation was offshoot of this liberalisation and privatisation, which integrated the Indian economy with the world economy. This integration provided lot of opportunities for Indians especially for women, who through their education and new-found independence could take up enterpreneurial activity. Economic reforms introduced after 1991 brought foreign competiton, led to privatisation of certain public sector industries, opened up sectors reserved for the public sector and let to an expansion in the production of fast moving consumer goods. Post liberalisation, the Indian private sector which was usually run by oligopolies of old family firms and required political connections to run, faced with foreign competitions including the threat of low cost Chinese goods. With globalisation the services industry grew rapidly giving ample opportunities to women to start entrepreneurial activity as traveling agent, internet cafà © owners, as owners of Business Process Outsoucing(BPO) units, garment factory owners etc. Globalisation has provided opportunities for women enterpreneurship in the field medicine, hospitality, computer software and information technology, beauty and healthcare, sports, food, fruits and vegetable processing, banking, event mangement etc. Some of the famous enterpreneurs are Kiran Mazumder Shaw of Bicon, Lalitha Gupte, Head of HSBC, Vandan Luthra and Shahnaz Hussian in the field of beauty and health care. In this dynamic world, women entrepreneurs are an important part of the global guest for sustained economic development and social progress. In advanced countries, there is a phenomenon of increase in the number of self-employed women, after the world war two. In USA women own 25% of all business ,though their sales are on an average are less than two-fifths of those of other small business. In Canada, women own one-third of small business and in France it is one-fifth. In the closing years of the 21st Century, multi skilled, productive and innovative women entrepreneurs are inextricable for achieving susained economic growth. Globalisation of industrial production and economic independence have become the torch bears for all international co-operations. In the dynamic world which is experiencing the effects of globalisation, privatisation and liberalisation, women entrepreneurs are likely to become an even more important part of the global quest for sustained economic growth and s ocial development. Their economic status is now accepted as an indication of the societys stage of development. Though the opening up of market in 1991 provided a much needed boost to the Indian Economy, its effect on women entrepreneurs are debatable. Globalisation, a process whereby owners of capital are able to invest more their capital around the globe more quickly and easily has resulted in the removal of state controls on trade and investment, disappearence of tariff barriers and spread of new information and communication technologies. The opportunities created by globalisation have created new avenues for investment and have opened doors of opportunities, but the benefits have not been equitably distributed thereby impending efforts to promote advancement of women particularly those living in proverty. The gains of globalisation have been concentrated in the hands of better off women with higher levels of education and greater ownership of resources and access to capital. But the majority of women being poor have not received the benefits of globalisation. Due to entry of multinational companies the local markets traditional women enterpreneurs have received stiff competition. The small enterprises like boutiques, tailoring vegetable vending have been adversely affected. Thus globalisation an one hand has empowered women to own big enterprises like Biocon, VLCC, etc on the other hand it has adverse effect an economically backward women-owned enterprises. Literature Review According to Carl Menger (1840-1921) in his `Principle of Economics the economic change does not arise from the circumstances but from an individuals awareness and understanding of those circumstances. Thus, entrepreneur is change agent who transforms resources into useful goods and services. Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) wrote a series of economic article and treaties between. 1911 and 1950 that specifically addressed entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur seeks in Schumpeters words `to reform or revolutionize the pattern of production by exploiting an invention or more generally in untried technological possibility for producing a new commodity or producing an old one in a new way, by opening up a new sources of supply of materials or a new outlets for products. Peter Ducker who described the entrepreneurial role as one of gathering and using resources but he said that resources to produce results, must be allocated to opportunity rather that to problems. Recently Robert Ronstadlt definition of entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is the dynomic process of creating increase mental wealth. This wealth is created by individuals who assume the major risks in terms of equity, time and/or career commitment of providing value for some product or service. The product or service itself may or may ot be new or unique but value must same how be infused by the entrepreneur by securing and allocating the necessary skills and resources Karl Vesper describes entrepreneur positively pillars of industrial strength the moves and shakers who constructively disrupt the status quo. From socio-cultural Albert Shapero conducted research and said that individual often become entrepreneurs by being thrown into situations that force them to fashions their own means of economic livelihood Immigrants often are successful entrepreneurs people often given up their nighly paid jobs who start new business enterprise. Corporate entrepreneurship is referred to as intrapreurship is concerned with innovation that leads to new corporate divisions or subsidiary ventures in established layer firms. In practice, entrepreneurship have historically altered the directions of national economics industries and markets. The have invented new products and developed the organssation and means of production to bring them to market. They have introduced quantum leaps in technology by reallocation of resources. They have altered our pattern of living and erected new services. Women entrepreneurship defined by Government of India An enterprises owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial interest of 51 percent of the capital and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment generated by true enterprise to women. Komal Singh define women entrepreneurship as A women entrepreneurship can be defined as a confident, innovative and creative woman capable of achieving self economic independence individually or in collaboration, generates employment opportunities for others through initially establishing and running the entrepreneurship by keeping pace with her personal family and so cial life. The participation of women in economic activities in necessary not only from a human resource point of view but is essential for raising the status of women in society. The economic status of women is now accepted as an indicator of a society stage of development. The numbers of women entrepreneurship has increased during the 1990s. Surveys demonstrate that womens primary entrepreneurial activity is focused on the small and medium enterprises sector. About 60 percent are small scale entrepreneurs, 15 per cent are large scale manufactors and remainder consists of cottage and micro-entrepreneurs. Empirical evidence shows that women contribute significantly to the running of family business mostly in the form of unpaid efforts and skills. There are many enterprises in which women hold majority share are runned by men who control the operation and decision making.The 1991 industrial policy had envisaged special training programme to support women entrepreneurs. The Small In dustries Development Organisation (SIDO) with its field offices all over the country has been carrying out different entrepreneurship development for women and setting SSI units. Objective of the study: To analyses the different problems and challenges facing women entrepreneurship in India after liberalization and globalisation. Methods and Materials: The complete research work leading to the paper is based on both systematic and ad-hoc research methods. Under systematic methods researcher will adopt both primary and secondary data. Under secondary data the researcher will consult different relevant books, literature, journals, magazines, newspapers, government documents, internet etc Vis-à  -vis problems and challenges. In primary data researcher will meet personally the women entrepreneurs and take interviews. Results and discussion Due to adoption of liberalization policies after 1991 there has been a commercialisation of production and manufacturing. There has been a expansion of economic and informal activities, resulting in expansion of market with women getting increasely involved as users and promoters of the commercial ativities. For most women this development marks the shift from in market economy. Before liberalization most women were confined to agriculture and subsidiary activities as the major sources of income .But ater liberalization a lot of women have set up small and medium enterprises like papad, pickles, spices making and tailoring and weaving, animal husbandry, agro-food based industries etc. Thus, liberalisation has helped in encouraging women enterprises. Before 1991 there was difficulty in obtaining credit, licenses and marketing but with privatization all this has changed. The atmosphere has become more conducive and markets have opened up encouraging women entrepreneurs to enter in unexplored economic areas from cottage industry like food processing, to beauty, health care and sanitation to information technology and bioinformation. Globalisation has acted as both PULL and PUSH factor for women entrepreneurs. The women entrepreneurs under PULL factor consider entrepreneurship as a challenge with an adventure and urge to do something new, liking for business and to have an independent occupation. Those under PUSH factor choose entreprenership to get over financial difficulties and responsibilities thrust on them. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw is an example of PULL factor. Her knowledge and degree in Biotechnology helped her to establish Biocon, which is now renowned company all over world.Jashwantiben Popat who made Lijjat Papad a household n ame is an example of PUSH factor. She along with other economically poor women started the all women cooperative which become symbol of women empowerment in India.Globalisation has increased opportunities but also posed challenges. Many traditional livelihoods which have high employment potential like handlooms and other non-agro enterprises which are women dominated have become unviable. Wage differentials job vulnerability and unpaid work burden for women has increased while their social safety nets have been eroded. Unequal access for women to schooling, land, credit, facilities, alternate employment skill training and technology has led to crowding of women in the lowly paid jobs. The Eleventh Plan provides respite against globalisation and helps common women with necessary skill training, vocational training and technology education. It helps towards a social security policy that mitigates the negative impact of globalisation on women.Globalisation has had its impact on human d evelopment of the country and more specifically its impact on women empowerment. Women comprise half the total population of the country and any society which is based on discrimination of women is incurring wastage of human resources and no developing country can afford it. Globalisation has increased supply of women labor force in the global labour market especially in field which require knowledge and application of technology and in research and development. Bharti Kashyap who is Ranchis famous and best eye specialists, is the best example of PULL factor. She completed her medical study after marriage and become a doctor. She started the Kashyap Eye Hospital on her own, equipped with latest technology for eye treatment. She even carries charitable eye treatment in her hospital and organises camp for poor and needy people. She with her knowledge and busines acumen has created history which no other lady can match. Small scale enterprises, vending and other petty trade are mostly carried out by low paid workers in a developing economy. Such workers often are women. They form a major part of home based workers and are also involved in unpaid family owned enterprises. Women also form a major share of agricultural wokers who are either paid very modestly or not paid at all.The situation of women is very difficult in a country like India. It is generally not accepted for women to participate in the labor force. In 1991 less than 22 percent of women in all ages were engaged in any market related work. It was not culturally acceptable in India for women to access to jobs. In stores, factories and public sector or even become enterpreneurs. Women were invloved in informal sector. With changes that well brought in by New Industrial policy of 1991 open new avenues for women and affected them greatly. The major changes in Indian policies leading to reduction in the scope of industrial licensing since 1991 and opening up of economy. The major thrust of the liberalisation process have been wide ranging trade reforms bringing about restructuring and a reduction in custom duties together with a gradual elimination of qunatitative restrictions on trade. Te impact of new industry policy of 199 have borne different conseqences for men and women because they differ in their economic and social status. With growth propelled Foreign Direct Investment, technological innovations and manufactured exports has bought a wide range of economic and social opportuniites to women entrepreneurs. The fashion designers became entrepreneurs and entered garment industry to export readymade fabrics and garments in the global market. Women became jewellery designers and made Indian jewellery popular all over the world through design and business acumen.To name some of them fashion designer Ritu Kumar,Ritu Beri, Reena Dhakha have created brand labels for them . Impact of Globalization and Eleventh Plan Strategy Liberalization has led to a paradign shift in the countrys economy. While this has provided many increase in opportuniites, it has also posed challenges. We have moved towards technology dominated sectors. Many traditional livelihoods that have high employment potential like handlooms and other non-agro enterprises that are women dominated have become unviable wage diffentials, job vulnerability and unpaid work burden for women has increased, while their social safety nets have eroded unequals access for women to schooling, land, credit facilities, alternate employment, skill training and tehnology has led to the crowding of women in the lowly paid jobs of most sectors. While seeking to provide relief to deprived and women dominated sectors such as agriculture and small enterprises the plan will also work towards main stream women in new and emerging areas of the economy through necessary skill training, vocational training and technology education. The plan tries to mitigate the neg ative impact of globalisation of women. Globalisation has put a premium on skills and higher levels of education which are often out of reach of women in the unorganised sector. A key issue in the Eleventh Plan is to enable these women to secure higher level of education and better paid jobs through vocational training and skill development. Women need technology support, credit facilities and marketing support to take up entrepreneurial activities in new and emerging trades. At the same time workers traditional skill such as knowledge of herbal plants, weaving, food processing or providing care will be recognised and marketed. Combination of computer and communications technologies culminating in networking technologies have enhanced speed and reduced the cost of communications to such an extent that the question of distance has become less relevant in commerical and business transaction. In addition, digitisation of information and the Internet have made it possible to sell goods and services beyond the boundaries of cou ntries. This has benefited women entrepreneurs. The market for e-business and e-commerce is, at least potentially global. Thus internet makes access to global knowledge that includes prices, markets, demand and tools.1 Women have benefited by having access to Global Markets Globally distributed network. Global knowledge. The success is limited to urban areas which have connectivity but women living in villages rarely reap the benefit of digital revolution and internet. Women often find it to engage in new forms of self-employment due to lack of skill, computer and English language. Opportunity to establish businesses in telekiosks or cyber cafes often elude women who do not have same access as men to family resource or institutional finance. Societal roles or biological qualities do not always work against women. For example the patience and persistence needed for repetitive work or the ability and inclination to work as a team are the qualities that management associate with women. It has led to recuitment of young women in emerging institutions of the digital economy such as call centres, BPO (Busines Process Outsourcing) KPO (Knowledge Process Outsourcing). The main advantage of the web is it may allow women to findnew markets and enhance existing enterprises. Globalisation has brought in businesses that have the advantages of low capital and skill requirements. Aside from telephony services, womens handicraft could marketed, supplied and sold through internet using B2C e-commerce services.Globalisation has increased competiton and improved quality of goods and services. It has led to he boom in service sectors, providing self employment opportunities to women in the field providing, services such as travel agent/agen cy, internet cafes, xerox services, beauty, health spas, creches, teleprinter, fax services, laundry, dry cleaning, tailoring, tiffin services to employees of multinational companies, small shops of cosmetics, garments, grocery, consultancy services, street vendors selling vegetables, fruits seasonal items andother necessary items.3 The impact of globalisation on the nature of womens work comes through in a variety through technological change and through flexibalization of the work force, through opening of new markets, through changes in social security policies and through growing pressures on resources. There is feminization of the labour force globally. A positive impact of globalisation is that women are able to get credit for self employment through their local branch of banks which now present there in villages and small towns, apart from cities. SEWA Bank which is cooperative bank promoting women entrepreneurship which was confined to Ahmedabad. It has open in other parts of country. In the SEWA seminar Mr. Arbind Singh said on the plight of women street vendors in a paper titled cities for All Street Vendors are self employment and self generators of income. They are sellers of produces of special kind produced by small entrepreneurs cheap products, daily necessity goods selling to specific buyers middle class and poor. They are outside the preview of formal, organised economy, market, capital, local and governmental subsidy. They subsidize urban living by selling goods at cheaper prices. They provide market channel to small producers. Street Vendor who mostly women contribute to growth of commerce and their turnover rules in crores. They are often lifeline of village haats and small villages.2 Case Study : Project Shakti HLL Through Project Shakti, Hindustan Level Ltd provides micro-credit to women in villages to sell their products such as soap, shampoos, toothpaste, tea, salt, sansitary napkins, etc. It is unleasling the potential of rural India and changing life. Shakti Entrepreneur Programme helps women in rural India Setup small businesses as direct to consumer retailers. The scheme equips women with business skills and a way out of poverty as well as creating a crucial new distribution channel for unilever products in the large and fast growing global market of low spending consumers living in Indian village. One in eight people on this world lives in an Indian village. Project Shakti can be describe in many ways as it empowers rural women through micro-credit enterprise initialtive that create livelihood and makes women enterpreneurs out of rural women. Shakti already has 25,000 women entrepreneurs in its fold earning about Rs. 700 Rs. 1,000 per month. It is implemented in 15 states including Bihar and Jharkhand.5 Globalisation has also contributed to the creation of new associations of women and the strengthining of their networks to offer mutual support and resources. Perhaps that most critical of the impacts of globalisation on women is the worsening situation of violence against women and the trafficking of women and girls, which is quite evident in Ranchi and all over Jharkhand. Globalisaion has led to the setting up of SEZs and export oriented industrialisation as one the key mechanisms for economic trasformation. It has provided opportunity for women entrepreneurship in the field of herbal cosmetics, readymade garments, gems and jewellery, food items, etc. Globalisation has certain drawbacks. Globalisation also tends to privilege large companies who can capture new markets quickly and easily to the disadvantage of small and micro entrepreneurs who face difficulties gaining knowledge of much less access to emerging markets. In sum, globalization puts pressure on low skilled workers and petty producers by weakening their bargaining power and subjecting them to increasing competiton. Globalisation has increased the number of low paid, part time and exploitative job for women in factories such as textile, garment industry. It has increased migration of male members of household from the rural to urban areas and the women have to bear the triple burden of caring, farming and paid or self employment in rural sector to run their household. Globalisation has led to importance of education and vocational training in women. Globalisation has increased importance of ICTs (Information, Communication, Technology) can also help women entrepreneurs work under more flexible conditions and therefore balance the double burden of family and professional responsibilites move sucessfully. They can also help women emtrepreneurs overcome discrimination they may face in conducting business, as more and more deals are made online, it is easier to evaluate the quality of projects, products and services without being influenced (consciously or unconsciously) by the gender of the business owner. Women enterpreneurs are now forming associations and networks at local, regional, national and international level which is helping their business to grow and find market and support and encourage internationalisation. As owners of small and medium-size enterprises (SEMs) women can supply multinational companies with ideas, inventions, technology, raw materials, supplies, components and business services. Globalisation implies creation of world market as a single big market in the global economy. The Signposts of globalisation have effectuated : Global consumers Short life cycle for new technologies and products Homogenisation of markets Decreasing trade barriers and increasing openness in exports and imports. Decreasing cost of transportation and communications. Conclusion Globalisation means unification of national markets in evolving global economy and supports new fields such as biotechnology, telecommunication, networking and research and development. It creates opportunities for business and employment by breaking barriers in international trade.6Thus, globalisation can be a major force for prosperity only if it is backed by adequate national policies and condusive social and economic environment for women. Nowadays ,women are well- educated with technical and professional qualifications. Many of them have medical ,management and similar degrees and diplomas.Many have entered family business as equal partners.Women set up their own clinics or nursing homes ,small boutiques,small manufacturing enterprise and entered garment exports. Women in rural areas are engaged in selling eco-friendly bags ,dolls,soft toys,handicraft,solapur chappals,sanitary materials,plates and cups of areca leaves ,decorative items chocolates,ice-cream etc. In urban and semi urban areas they are engaged in selling designer saris ,doing mirror work ,furniture making ,land scalping ,tailoring and embroidery work,interior designing,fashion designing,mobile laundries,screen printing,cyber cafà ©,driving schools,supplying household articles,,beauty palours,DTP,manufacture and export of food products .Entrepreneurship in the animation industry is a new where women entrepreneurs have greater scope of development.Women entrepreneurs manufacturing solar cookers in Gujarat ,small foundries in Maharastra and T.V capacitors in Orissa have proved that women can excel men in any field if they are given the opportunities and thus the entrepreneurship of women is evident in endless ways.7Exploiting womens potential and converting it into profits is the key step to economic development in the present age of globalization. There is a major challenge for policy makers to ameliorate the conditions for the establishment and growth of women-owned business. Women entreprene urs should also try to get full moral and financial support from their family members. The local government and banks should come forward to help women entrepreneurs for providing loan at easy terms and conditions. Women entrepreneurs must be enthused to participate in international business in the present age of globalization through trade fairs and exhibitions. With the help of all these positive efforts, women entrepreneur may emerge as role model and touch new heights in the field of present business world. Entrepreneurship among women, no doubt, improves the wealth of the nation in general and of the family in particular. Women today are more willing to take up activities that were once considered the preserve of men, and have proved that they are second to no one in regard to contribution to the luxuriant efflorescence of the economy. Women entrepreneurship must be moulded properly with entrepreneurial traits and skills to meet the changes in trends, challenges of global markets and also be competent enough to sustain and strive for excellence in the entrepreneurial arena.